Kumana National Park in Sri Lanka is renowned for its avifauna, particularly its large flocks of migratory waterfowl and wading birds. The park is 391 km (243 miles) southeast of Colombo on Sri Lanka's south-eastern coast and covers an area of 35,665ha. Kumana is contiguous with Yala National Park. The main entrance to Kumana is located in Okanda which is south of Arugam Bay.

Kumana Bird Sanctuary was declared as a national park in 1938. It included Kumana National Park where some 20 lagoons and tanks support the extensive birdlife of the national park. Kumana is one of the most important bird nesting and breeding grounds in Sri Lanka. 255 species of birds have been recorded in the national park. During April–July months tens of thousands of birds migrate to the Kumana swamp area. Rare species such as Black-necked Stork, Lesser Adjutant, Eurasian Spoonbill, and Great Thick-knee are breeding inhabitants of the Kumana villu (swamp lakes).